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Author Archives: PIF12

The Great Human Diasporas: The History Of Diversity And Evolution

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By Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza and Francesco Cavalli-Sforza.
300 pp. Reading, Mass., Addison–Wesley, 1995.

Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza draws upon his lifelong work in archaeology, anthropology, genetics, molecular biology, and linguistics, to address the basic questions of human origins and diversity. Coauthored by his son, Francesco, the book answers age-old questions such as: Was there a mitochondrial Eve? Did the first humans originate in Africa or in several spots on the planet at about the same time? How did humans get onto North America, the tip of South America, and Australia? Can the history of humankind be reconstructed on the basis of today’s genetic situation?

Cavalli-Sforza presents in a single volume for the non-specialist the fruits of over forty years of research. After providing a thorough grounding in evolutionary theory, Cavalli-Sforza takes readers back to the heady times of 1961-62 when he and a few colleagues were able to bring together genetic data on blood groups for fifteen populations spread out on five continents. By computing the genetic distance between pairs of populations, these scientists were able to develop an evolutionary tree that looks surprisingly like the ones reconstructed today, even with fifteen times more information. Using this crude tree, scientists could trace the approximate routes modern humans took in colonizing the earth 100,000 years ago and discover when populations split off from each other to form new groups. In the course of his work, Cavalli-Sforza joined forces with archaeologists, linguists, anthropologists, and molecular biologists. He shows how both archaeological and genetic data were used to track human migrations during the spread of agriculture; he probes such topics as the existence of a single ancestral language and the relationship between biological and linguistic evolution;and he brings us up to date with his current work as chief sponsor of the human genome diversity project, an ambitious attempt to analyze the most significant individual variations in human genomes.

Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza is Professor of Genetics Emeritus at Stanford University Medical School. He is the author of a number of seminal scientific books. Francesco Cavalli-Sforza is a creator and producer of educational films, based primarily in Italy.

 


Migrant Workers in the Middle East

This website aims to raise awareness on the plight of migrant/expatriate workers in the Middle East.

Expatriate workers are a crucial part of the fabric of our society and economy, where they make up to 80% of the population in some states. While

many work in white-collar jobs or are successful businessmen and highly skilled professionals, the majority of foreigners working in the Gulf are involved in manual labour or work as domestics and drivers.

We all owe these individuals a debt of gratitude. Yet instead these individuals are undervalued, ignored, exploited and denied their most basic human rights. This is modern day slavery.

For this reason, Mideast Youth has created this project to raise awareness and to demand the rights of our fellow human beings.

Their first task is to break the silence surrounding the abuses of workers’ basic human rights. For too long, migrant workers have been an ‘invisible majority’ in the Middle East, particularly the Gulf states. They are rarely discussed in the media and receive little protection from the governments of host countries, many of whom have no clear policies for safeguarding their welfare.

Other than this website being a valuable, reliable, and informative network that brings people who support this cause together, they also aim to effectively lobby the governments to change employment laws and recognize the human rights of expatriate workers throughout the region.

http://www.migrant-rights.org


Quiet crossings, Kinship, and Intimacy in Lebanon and Northeast Syria

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Untitled, Beirut 2010, by George Awde

George Awde, an American-born artist of Lebanese descent, is a photographer and educator who works in the US and Beirut. He received his BFA in painting from Massachusetts College of Art in 2004, and in 2009 he received his MFA from Yale University in photography. His work has been exhibited internationally.

In this exhibition, Awde offers viewers painstakingly detailed photographs rich with quiet emotion that implicate the complex relationship between the body and labor migration in Lebanon.

The history of labor migration between Syria and Lebanon reaches back to the 1950s and 1960s, and is redolent with coercive tactics that marginalize laboring bodies within low skill service work. Rather than simply depicting this dichotomy between privileged and laboring classes, attempting to recuperate the nobility of laboring bodies, or relying on an often-exploitative strategy to feature the laboring bodies in the act or setting of their work, Awde’s exhibition highlights their quiet and oft unexceptional pathos. In doing so, he showcases the intimacy shared amongst these men to offer a poetic reflection on community.

http://georgeawde.com/

 


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